What it is
The Moon in February 2022, a day or two before full. Almost the whole face is lit, with a thin edge still in shadow.
What you can see
The dark patches are the maria, wide plains of old lava that flooded huge impact basins billions of years ago. The bright streaks that splash across them are rays of debris thrown out by younger craters such as Tycho and Copernicus. Near full Moon the sunlight falls straight down, so the rays stand out while the craters' shadows almost vanish.
How far away
About 384,000 kilometres, a little over a light-second.